Gay Gene Essay Research Paper HomosexualityIs it free essay sample

Gay Gene Essay, Research Paper Homosexuality Is it Truly a Choice? Since the 1800 # 8217 ; s, head-shrinkers and psychologists have concluded that homosexualism is a mental upset. They have believed it is brought about by ill-conceived upbringing and their societal environments. For case, it was believed that if the kid was missing a male # 8211 ; figure in the place, he would most probably be homosexual. Or that child maltreatment can take to lesbianism when the particular demands of a small miss are denied, ignored, or exploited and the future muliebrity of the kid is in hazard. However, incompatibilities in the research subjects # 8217 ; maltreatment records ruled these theories out. And if this were the instance, so why is homosexualism present in different civilizations? Some believed homosexualism was caused by a difference in encephalon construction. In 1991, Simon LeVay published research saying that sexual orientation may be the consequence of differing encephalon constructions. The hypothalamus, a part in the encephalon that governs sexual behaviour, was the construction that LeVay was nailing as the construction at mistake. We will write a custom essay sample on Gay Gene Essay Research Paper HomosexualityIs it or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In his surveies of the hypothalamus, he found that in homosexual work forces, the hypothalamus was smaller than that of heterosexual work forces. Alternatively it was the size of the female hypothalamus, therefore explicating their sexual inclinations. # 8221 ; It would Begin to propose why male homosexualism is present in most human populations, despite cultural restraints, # 8221 ; says Dennis Landis, a brain doctor who studied encephalon construction at Case Western Reserve University. ( Williams, 1993 ) A adult female by the name of Barbara Grizzuti Harrison criticized LeVay # 8217 ; s theories and found several defects in his experimental surveies. First off, she looked at LeVay # 8217 ; s sample population. It turned out that LeVay had autopsied 19 homosexual work forces, 16 work forces presumed to be heterosexual, and 6 adult females presumed to be heterosexual. So already we have one defect, excessively little a sample size. Flaw figure two was that LeVay merely presumed that the 16 males and 6 females were heterosexual. Possibly they hadn # 8217 ; t come out of the cupboard yet. Or possibly they were bisexual! Flaw figure three being that all of the 19 homosexual work forces died of AIDS, which infiltrates the cardinal nervous system. How could he be certain that there wasn # 8217 ; t some relationship between the disease and the size of the hypothalamus? So you see, differences in encephalon construction couldn # 8217 ; T be proven harmonizing to LeVay # 8217 ; s surveies. More late, nevertheless, scientists have begun to see sexual penchants as familial. It is no longer a inquiry of nature V. raising. Most homosexual work forces and adult females have ever had the same sexual orientation. Among cheery work forces, 96 % had their # 8221 ; first crush # 8221 ; on another male. Whereas 100 % of heterosexual males were foremost attracted to females. One thing that didn # 8217 ; t differ between straight persons and homophiles was the age at which they had their first attractive forces. Most males had their first attractive forces around the age of 10. Besides, 86 % of cheery work forces had their foremost sexual activity with another male. With heterosexual males, on the other manus, merely 73 % had their first sexual activity with a female! The age average age for pubescence among males, irrespective of sexual orientation, is about 12 old ages of age. Although homosexuals work forces who reached pubescence subsequently tended to hold fewer sexual spouses than work forces who reached pubescence at an early age. Most cheery work forces self # 8211 ; acknowledge that they are gay anyplace between the ages of 4 through 30, with the average being at age 16. Coming # 8221 ; out of the cupboard # 8221 ; and uncovering their individuality to the public by and large took longer. Most cheery work forces revealed their secret at the average age of 21. Some persons go through a cheery stage as a consequence of emotional or mental rejection. This helps explicate why some persons carry the homosexual cistron, but don # 8217 ; t show it. And adversely, why other persons don # 8217 ; t possess the cheery cistron, but make show gay inclinations. There was one adult male in peculiar that took great involvement in this problematic subject. A alumnus from Harvard University with his Ph.D. in Genetics, Dr. Dean Hamer now works in a division of the National Cance R Institute ( NCI ) as head of Gene Structure and Regulation Section of the Laboratory of Biochemistry. In 1992 the NCI became particularly interested in Kaposi # 8217 ; s sarcoma ( KS ) , a malignant neoplastic disease of the tegument cells that appears most often in Greeks, Italians and in cheery work forces with AIDS. Hamer began believing about the function of cistrons in # 8221 ; complex traits # 8221 ; and began to oppugn the possible function of cistrons in sexual orientation. He began his research by pulling out household lineages of cheery work forces to turn out its heredity. In the pureblood shown in Figure A, the cheery signifier of the sexual orientation cistron is present in the maternal gramps. The cistron seems to vanish in his progeny, but he has passed the # 8221 ; gay cistron # 8221 ; onto his girls. The girls, nevertheless, don # 8217 ; T show the trait because they received a # 8221 ; straight cistron # 8221 ; from their female parent. The trait so reappears in the male grandchildren in the following coevals. The female parent was a heterozygous bearer and passed the trait on to her boies. In Part B of Figure A, the homosexual cistron is passed down from the maternal grandma to the homosexual capable # 8217 ; s uncles and male cousins. Another manner they tested their # 8221 ; guinea hogs # 8221 ; was by inquiring them a set of choice inquiries based on their sexual penchants. Figure Tocopherol shows an lineation of the subjects covered to find their sexual orientation. Another technique used was the Kinsey Scale which was developed by Alfred Kinsey in the 1940 # 8217 ; s for sexual research. The Kinsey scale ranks sexual orientation on a six degree graduated table runing from sole heterosexual to sole homosexual. 0 being entirely heterosexual and 6 being entirely homosexual. A series of inquiries is once more asked based on these four facets: Self-identification, attractive force, phantasy and behaviour. See Figure D for the distribution of these four facets in homophiles and straight persons. For the person to sort as Definitely Gay, they had to hold a Kinsey mark of 5 or 6, intending that they had openly acknowledged their attractive force to the same sex to themselves of to other household members. They were classified as Decidedly Bisexual if they received a 2 # 8211 ; 4 on the Kinsey Scale and as an grownup, they openly acknowledged that they were bisexual. The person was perchance cheery or bisexual if they had some ground to surmise something other than heterosexualism, but non openly acknowledged. A individual was considered heterosexual if they had a Kinsey Score of 0 or 1 and they indicated an acknowledged attractive force to the opposite sex. Once their sexual orientation was determined, 76 homosexual persons were asked how many of their relations were homosexuals, if any. And if they were, which 1s, so they could find the possible familial linkage. After pulling out 76 household lineages they found that there were far more homosexuals on the female parent # 8217 ; s side of the household than on the male parent # 8217 ; s side. Because of these findings they concluded that it must be a sex # 8211 ; lined trait. They found a little part of the X chromosome, Xq28, appeared to be the same in a high proportion of homosexual brothers. Out of 56 braces of indistinguishable twins, where one homosexual twin was interviewed, 52 % of the carbon monoxide # 8211 ; twins were besides homosexual. Besides along those lines, a brother of homosexual twins has a 22 % opportunity of being homosexual. Whereas they found that persons with twin brothers, one homosexual and one heterosexual, had merely a 4 % opportunity of being homosexual ( Hamer and Copeland, 1994 ) . If you look at Figure B, you will observe that there are more homosexuals on the maternal side than their are on the paternal side. Figure C is a chart of sapphic # 8217 ; s male relations. Their values are different of those of the homosexuals values, but both have comparatively the same consequences. Since they found that sexual orientation is a recessionary X # 8211 ; linked trait, that would explain why it appears more often in males than it does in females. The consequences of this survey were published on July 16, 1993 and since so, the subject still remains problematic and argumentative. Homosexuals and tribades seemed to appreciate and do visible radiation of the topic, though. Shortly after the study publications were released, Jerseies were made that read # 8221 ; Xq28 # 8211 ; thanks for the cistrons, Mom! # 8220 ;